1. Of the three earliest hominins, only one species is considered to be a definite biped. Answer the following questions. In your response please explain the significance/function of any anatomical traits you refer to.
a. Which of the early (before Australopithecus) species is definitely (as opposed to possibly) a biped? How do we know?
b. Why are the other species only possibly bipeds?
2. Review the theories regarding bipedal evolution.
a. Given the fossil evidence that we currently have, which theory do you support the most?
b. Of the three theories that are still commonly discussed (after the discovery of Ardi), which two seem least likely? Explain the theories and why you think them less likely than the other.
3. The second Adaptive Radiation of hominins is evidenced by the genus Australopithecus.
a. Explain the environments and adaptations (traits) that are associated with Australopithecines. Use at least one fossil species as an example.
4. Australopithecine success and adaptations are a constant source of discussion.
a. Some researchers believe that early Australopithecus success can be attributed to tool using. Explain the logic and the evidence (if there is any) that backs this assertion.
b. While early Australopithecus success is difficult to understand, some later Australopithecines have clear dietary specializations that aided in their long existence on the savannas. Explain the adaptive advantages associated with Robust australopithecines. Explain the traits and why you think this was helpful to these hominins.
